A Thought Experiment

For my whole writing career I have pursued the belief that words are malleable and language is as much a barrier to knowledge as a means of developing knowledge. Words, like knowledge, can evolve and expand in breadth and depth of meaning and implication, and we can begin to hear undertones and after-tones as our sensitivity to each word expands.

So, remember back when you were learning a new language. At first, you equated words in your known language, 1 to 1 with new words in the foreign language. But if your learning gained any depth, you soon saw that the relationships were not 1 to 1 at all. They were hazy, with only partial overlaps, and often with layers or facets of a word in one language, that in the second language were entirely unrelated.

Now, some time ago I began to believe that the Torah had a depth to it that was beyond human. I came to this belief from the opposite direction of traditional orthodoxy that has always maintained that ‘Torah is the word of God.’ Well, there is much in Torah that I believe is all too human, which is to say, deeply flawed, or at least prone to being understood in a deeply flawed way. But I also began to see layers of causality and fore-knowledge that appeared well beyond the capability of mere humans.

I began to wonder: are we translating the Hebrew incorrectly? Are the meanings we’ve applied to words based on ancient or medieval misconceptions, or on the limited knowledge of our forebears? So, here’s a thought experiment. It’s very simple and yet I’ve found it transformative:

Instead of thinking the word ‘melekh’ means ‘king,’ imagine it means ‘consciousness.’ Simple. But watch what that does to your understanding as you say any standard blessing:

Blessed are You, Adonai, our God, Consciousness of the Universe...

Suddenly, your consciousness is bound up with the Divine, directly, palpably. Your consciousness is part of the Melekh of the Olam.

Oh, oh. What does ‘Olam’ really mean?

Dvar on Shelach Lecha and Israel haters

Two weeks ago Jews around the world read the portion Shelakh Lekha (Shelach Lecha), “Send out men for yourself” to scout the land of Canaan. Moshe sends out twelve tribal leaders as scouts, and 40 days later they return with their report: it is truly a land of abundance, cultivated and forested, with well built cities and towns. But 10 of the 12 scouts go on to report, “we were in our own eyes like grasshoppers” (13:33) to those people, who were giants. “The people in the land are too strong” for us (13:28). Only 2 scouts, Joshua and Caleb provide a minority report. In the words of Caleb, “We can indeed go up and take possession of it. We are truly able to do so.” (13:30) And who do the masses of Hebrews listen to? They listen to the nay-sayers and fear-mongers. “All the sons of Israel murmured against Moshe” and “the entire community said, ‘would that we had died in Egypt or the desert...’” (14:1-2) And by that choice they earned the fate they chose: dying in the desert. Only those not born into a life and an ideology of servitude were privileged to join Joshua and Caleb in taking possession of the land promised to them.

And here we are, some 3300 years later, and listen to the throng continuing to murmur and complain about our having taken possession of the land. They believe the scouts (journalists from the New York Times, BBC, Al Jazeera, NPR) who bring back exaggerated, false, and slanderous reports, and they learn their history, if they learn it at all, from those who hate Israel.

So let me take you on a high speed tour to make sure you have a basic understanding of Palestinian history.

Since the Roman conquest and colonization of Judea 2000 years ago, the only people who have ruled the land of Israel (renamed Palestine by the Romans) prior to 1948 have been colonizers. Byzantines, Abbasids, Seljuks, Mamluks, Crusaders, and others all colonized this land to serve rulers who lived in cities far away. In the 16th century the Ottoman Turks conquered the land and it was still in their grip at the end of the 19th century. Although there were some limited indigenous nationalisms emerging in the Ottoman empire, notably by Kurds and Armenians, in Palestine the few inhabitants living there were more interested in survival than political philosophy. The land was a ruins, a fact comprehensively documented in many dozens of books, some produced by individuals, some produced by groups, and some produced as the result of large-scale expeditions that included artists and photographers. I have pored over dozens of these books. There is not a single drawing, etching, or photograph showing anything but a depopulated land pervaded by extreme poverty. Nor is there mention of even the slightest murmurings of a “Palestinian national identity.”

In the late 19th century Jews once again decided to end their wanderings. So began the saga of Zionism, and the advent of the modern Jewish restoration of the land. It was a true national liberation movement, and it was the first, yes, the first time since Judea was conquered by Rome, that colonizers were being confronted by an indigenous people, a people with a highly developed national identity: Jews. It was Jewish emigration and Jewish investment that began to repopulate the land and bring about its revival. This included a concomitant Arab emigration, as they responded to the economic growth generated by the Jews.

Fast forward to the Gaza war of May, 2021. The excoriating journalistic attacks against Israel by so-called liberals pile up. Social media institutionalizes the lies and slanders. The outspoken, the latent, and the secret Jew-haters all gorge on the news (and vomit it wherever they go). Their numbers include not a few Jews. Should you be surprised? Read Shelakh Lekha. It tells of a mixed multitude of nay-sayers, and no doubt each had their own excuse, each had their own favorite distortion or lie.

Of the modern Jewish Israel-haters, some are angry and accusing; some are ashamed; some are wagging their fingers and moralizing with their insipid and fake morality. But I would suggest, beneath it all most of them are driven by the same fear those ten scouts in Shelakh Lekha felt. They see themselves as grasshoppers and the Israel-haters as anakim, giants. They read their NYT and listen to their NPR and BBC and Al Jazeera and become afraid like the Hebrew wanderers in the desert, who trembled in their imagined inferiority. They hear lies and take them for chastisements. They hear slanders and imagine they are truths. They prefer to see themselves as victims so they can be worthy of sympathy. They prefer obeisance so they don’t have to make hard, existential choices. But if Israel were left to such weak hands and such weak wills, it would quickly cease to exist. Hamas, Hezbollah, Iran, and many others in the region are not bound by moral restraints (as the Arab Spring so brutally showed), and would love nothing more than the opportunity to make every Jew in the land a victim.

What then can be said about the far greater problem of Arab and Muslim Jew-hatred with its focus on denying Israel’s right to exist? As the ADL report on worldwide anti-Semitism clearly shows (ADL Global 100, An Index of Anti-Semitism), the Muslim world is the epicenter of Jew-hatred in the modern world. Public and private schools from Morocco to Bangladesh teach Jew-hatred; the various media promote Jew-hatred; religious leaders preach Jew-hatred; and governments enforce Jew-hatred. And from this epicenter, Jew-hatred in all its forms is being promoted in every country of the world. This is a problem the obeisance-lovers don’t know how to address. Indeed, they are afraid to even acknowledge it, much less, to acknowledge that it is the basis of their own thinking.

Surely the news is bad and I am often dismayed, but I have not lost hope. The news and social media may be sick with abuse and hatred, and this Torah portion highlights how easily disinformation can prevail. However, our Torah reading includes a contrasting Haftarah. Here we read the story of the scouts sent to Jericho (Joshua 2:1-24). Finally, after long wanderings, the Jewish people has found its courage. The scouts report with prophetic insight (v. 2:24), “Adonai has delivered into our hands all the land.” And so it is today, as well. We have been granted, and we are earning the opportunity to rebuild our nation. But if you look just a little deeper, you will see we are not alone. Our allies are many, and not a few are Muslims, who have stepped up to become partners in Israel’s effort to exist as an accepted neighbor in the region. When that day has been firmly established, let us then see how Israel measures up to our highest expectations.

So let me modernize Joshua’s exhortation:

May all Jews, and may people of all faiths and philosophies stand with Israel and be strong and of good courage. May we pursue truth and be strengthened with righteousness. To quote the modern prophet, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., “The arc of the moral universe is long but it bends toward justice.” And so I have faith that history will affirm our vision, and will affirm the justice and righteousness of Israel.

Lost book by Abarbanel, 2

Continuing the topic begun in my October 8, 2020 post, here’s an excerpt from the Kabbalistic book Abarbanel and his 2 secretaries are compiling. I present first the prose translation into Old English (what you probably think of as ‘normal’ English), and then the original original version in poetry:

Ole Eenglish proze verzhen:

In that same year in Yavne I heard Shimon ben Zoma leyn a drash in the week of V’Yishlakh. He taught:

Let us walk in Yaakov’s steps. Seeing the brutes and the blades and the blood [around him], he lifted himself from cushion and tent and set out down the rocky road to find that vaunted holy home. Lain his head on the crusty earth, Kedusha’s rolling thru his mind to crack the klipas worrying(? whirling) him. Down the angel minyans came. Took his hand and up they went. There, Shekhina like a dancing flame, hot and shapely, is waiting for him. Seven levels of kippurim to open the first fold of the tent and remove the embroidered garment of her. And seven more for the second fold and the deeper desires awoken in him. Now Shekhina urges him on, to tend the flock that it increase; be it strong, be it fecund. And so a vast and devoted host informed the will of Yaakov. He wanted to return to the Adam world with all this holy host of the Lor, to bring atonements to the waiting world. He descends to the river’s edge, three finger widths from the Camp of the Lor. There Adam confronted him and wrestled him into a human shell, that the host of angel messengers could pour thru the body of his soul – Ma’aseh Merkava – and enter the vacuous Adam realms to work redeemings into us.

The errijjennel verzhen az powessee:

In them same yeerz in Yovnuh I heerz
Shemone ben Zomuh laen on a drush
In the week a Vuh’Yishlukh*. He tot:
* week wen Berraysheet/Jen 32:4-36:43 iz red
Let us wok in Yuh’Uhkoevz steps.
Seeyen the bruten the bladen the blud,
He liffen himselv frum koushennes tent
An set owt down the rokkee ro
Tu fien that vonted holee ho*.
* eka d’omray: home
Laen iz hed on the krustee erth,
Keddueshuhz* rolen thru iz mien
* holenessez; holeyes praerz
Tu krak the klepuhz werlen him.
Down the aenjel minyenz kum,
Touk iz han an up than gon.
Thaer, Shekhenuh, dansen flame,
Hottes shaepleez waten fer him.
Sevven levvelz a keporreem*
* uttoenmenz
Tu open the fers foelen the tens
An remmuve the broiderd garmen uv her.
An sevven mor fer the sekken foel
An the deepes dezziyerz a woken him.
Now Shekhenuhz erj him on
Tu tend the flok that it in krees;
Be it streng, an be fekkunt.
An so a vas devvoten hoes
In formen in tens a Yuh’Ukkoev
A wonten rettern tu Addum werlz
With awl this holee hoesten the Lor,
Tu breeng a toenz tu the watee werlz.
Dessendes him tu this rivverree ej,
Three feenger withs frum the kampen the Lor.
Thaer Addum kunfrunten him
An ressel him tu a hyumen shel,
That the hoes (uv a) aenjel messejjerz
Kan por thru the boddeyen iz seel --
Muh’uhsay maerkuvvuh --
An enter the vakyuwes Addum relmz
Tu werk reddeemenz* intu us.
* ennummeez uv the Juwen reed this az “red demenz”

Just sayin' #3: LGBQT and biblical texts

Dr. Greg Barker, an exceptional teacher, posted an article on his teaching/coaching website concerning a Jewish organization with many queer members. Empathetically, he posed the question, “Which teachings in Judaism could be used to support the inclusion of the LBGTQ+ community?

This is a subject that has received much attention by Jews, so I will not be offering any dramatically new insights here, but perhaps this post can stand as a brief summary of how Jews have opened their eyes, their minds, and their texts to a more accurate and expansive understanding of the norms of human sexuality.

Let me state first and foremost that, for the vast majority of Jews in the US and Western Europe, the issue of total acceptance of the LGBTQ+ community has already been fairly thoroughly resolved. That community is widely welcomed in most non-Orthodox shuls (synagogues), and even in some Orthodox shuls. As for Israel, I’m not informed enough to know whether “vast majority” also applies there, or just “majority.”

As for the specific issue that Dr. Barker poses, let me mention just a few verses and teachings.

As noted in the helpful article at the My Jewish Learning site, here, a common response to Leviticus 18:22 & 20:13 (the primary but not exclusive verses that have been used to vilify queer sex) has been with the often repeated demand that 'there must be one law for the home-born and the stranger alike,' with 'stranger ' often being replaced by (or understood to mean) 'weak and outcast' or 'orphan and widow'. Quoting the My Jewish Learning article:
This verse is one of the most problematic in the entire Torah; its meaning seems to be quite obvious, and yet it is extremely difficult for many Jews to take at face value. Could the Torah — which has at its core the message that Israel must not despise or abuse the weak, helpless, or outnumbered in its midst — really be declaring that loving relationships between two consenting adults is abhorrent, even worthy of the death penalty?

To that end, Torah provides us with another text to challenge our narrow understanding of human sexuality. In Genesis 1:27 we read:

And God created man in His image, in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them.

This verse can be read quite literally as declaring the androgyny of humans, countering any homophobic inclination readers may have.

Judaism rejects a fundamentalist understanding of Bible. The Talmudic sages, who lived 1000-1500 years after the Torah was composed, said that every verse of Torah has 70 (or, at least 70) viable interpretations. These sages, with their expanded vision of Torah and Jewish practice, formulated and instituted the 2nd great reformation of Judaism. (FYI, the biblical Prophets instituted the first great reformation, and we are living now amidst the 3rd great reformation which began with the Enlightenment.) So if we look at Leviticus 18:22 (which is comparable to Leviticus 20:13, but without adding the death penalty) it’s translation is very reliably rendered:

Do not lie with a male as one lies with a woman; it is an abhorrence....

We can read this verse quite simply and honestly as NOT prohibiting males from having sex together, but simply saying they shouldn't do it the same way men have sex with women. I'll leave further explication to your imagination. Nor does the text say ANYTHING about lesbian sex. This kind of reading of these verses is in no way contorted. The Torah has NO problem with stating its intentions clearly. "Thou shalt not murder." If Torah wanted to preclude any kind of non-heterosexual intercourse, it could have very easily done so. BUT IT DIDN'T. Not anywhere.

Now, I'm not saying that traditional Judaism didn't use these and similar verses to promote a homophobic agenda and to produce homophobic constraints on behavior. I'm simply saying the TEXT is open. Human minds and hearts are often not open; but that's a different problem entirely, at least in my view.

Finally, as the My Jewish Learning site (and many others) note, the Hebrew term translated as "abhorrent" or "aberrant" (etc) is "to-ayvah," which is a term that is used almost exclusively to refer to Canaanite religious practices that were forbidden because they were abusive or otherwise unacceptable. So it's likely that the text would have been understood in ancient Israelite times (~1000BCE to ~300BCE, when Biblical Hebrew was the spoken language — and thus, its implications well understood) differently than it came be understood in rabbinic times (post ~200CE, when Aramaic and other languages were spoken, and Hebrew was a learned language). This later, Rabbinic reading, is the understanding we have inherited. Originally, this verse may have been prohibiting sex as a cultic (religious) act, or it may have been prohibiting non-consensual male-male sex. (Again, there is no mention/prohibition of lesbian sex anywhere in Torah, or Bible, to the best of my knowledge.) Thus, if this is true, verse 18:22 quoted above might be more accurately translated as:

Do not have sex in a public, religious setting; it is an abhorrence....
or:
Do not force yourself sexually on another person; it is an abhorrence…

To sum up, by understanding that Torah is (and always was) a multivalent text, we can recognize at least 4 ways that the text allows us to dismantle homophobic interpretations:

1. It supersedes them with ethical values that are more pertinent and more elevated.
2. It uses terminology that is specifically and intentionally vague to allow multiple understandings.
3. It offers contradictory statements to open the text to a wider understanding.
4. It limits the applicability of the texts to unacceptable Canaanite practices.

No doubt, the astute and ethical reader of Torah will be able to find still other ways of expanding our practice of respect, justice, and moral responsibility. And here’s one final thought. This is NOT a matter of compassion. Compassion is a looking down on others; it is about pity and/or empathy for those who are less than us. LGBTQ people are not less than heterosexuals, and gay/lesbian sexuality, tho less common, is not aberrant in any way. Thus, I speak of expanding respect, not compassion.

Just sayin’.